Airflow obstruction is mainly due to three mechanisms: emphysema, bronchiolitis, an inflammatory process and mucus plugging of the airways. Inflammation causes fibrosis in the airways and loss of ...

Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD Panlobular emphysema (PLE) is a type of emphysema that affects the whole acinus—the portion of the lungs that resembles bunches of grapes and where the exchange ...

Activation of proinflammatory genes in lung APCs most likely underlies the pathophysiology of emphysema and could potentially be targeted for effective therapy. A key finding in autoimmune ...