Venous reflux disease (VRD) occurs when veins do not properly return blood to the heart. Health experts refer to it as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). VRD most commonly affects the legs and ...

As it moves downward, the abdominal aorta splits into three main branches: the renal arteries (which supply the kidneys), the celiac artery (supplying the stomach and liver), and the superior and ...

CTPNI was defined as the disappearance of the peripancreatic fat space or peripancreatic vascular space (including the common hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery, superior mesenteric vein ...

The upper pulmonary veins (PVs) are responsible for the majority of atrial fibrillation (AF) triggering foci, whereas the inferior PVs are more difficult to ablate and prone to postablation ostial ...

Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is a frequent complication and ... which was better than the conservative treatment (12% and 4%), but inferior to resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy (70% ...