Using a wall or fence allows for a longer ripening ... Follow our guide to growing an espalier apple tree. To protect your fruit tree from moths that will destroy the fruit and leaves, apply ...

Jillian Patrie | University of Minnesota Yard and Garden Extension ...

Recent research has focused on various thinning methods, including chemical, mechanical, and manual techniques, to optimize fruit quality and yield in apple trees. One study examined the effects ...

A number of universities and startups are developing specialized robots for each stage of apple production, from pollinating the trees to fertilizing them, pruning them and harvesting the fruit.