They were found at the bottom of a low crumbling cliff at Kilwa Kisiwani island, in Tanzania. Today Kilwa is a quiet Tanzanian island with a few small fishing villages, but around the year 1200 it ...

Similarly, several waves of migration from Persia, notably in the 11th century, resulted in a fusion of culture and religion ... like the Sultan of Kilwa, who under the banner of Holy War or ...