and myriad connective tissue and autoimmune diseases, including Buerger's disease and scleroderma. Symptoms of ulnar artery thrombosis range from none at all to debilitating pain and ischemic ...

Thoracic autonomic nervous system surgery is based on interrupting the adrenergic action of the central nervous system. The first surgery on the thoracic sympathetic chain was performed by Alexander ...

This article covers the types, symptoms, causes, and treatments of vasculitis. Buerger’s disease affects the small and medium blood vessels in the arms and legs. The blood vessels swell and ...

Thoracic autonomic nervous system surgery is mainly used for hyperhidrosis/facial flushing, whereas cardiac and vascular indications are limited.