Led entirely by women, the American Female Moral Reform Society gave material aid to those in need and pushed for men to be ...

Private Collection / Smithsonian American Art Museum At the start of the 19th century, the United States ... mightily to the prosperity of New York City and brought commercial civilization to ...

They were mostly the descendants of Puritans, having made their fortunes as American ... the middle of the nineteenth century, the position of the wealthy and elite in every city was threatened.

who gets to be an American citizen. Nonetheless, even in the highly racialized political environment of the late 19th century, the U.S. Supreme Court endorsed an expansive view of birthright ...